A cutaneous condition is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system —the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin , hair , nails , and related muscle and glands . The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment.
Acetyl hexapeptide-3 or acetyl hexapeptide-8 (sources differ) is a synthetic anti-wrinkle cosmetics ingredient. It is a peptide which is a fragment of SNAP-25 , a substrate of botulinum toxin ( Botox ). Acetyl hexapeptide-8 is marketed as Argireline by the Barcelona-based research laboratory Lipotec.
Personalized medicine or precision medicine , is a medical model that separates people into different groups—with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease. The terms personalized medicine, precision medicine , stratified medicine and P4 medicine are used interchangeably to describe this concept though some authors and organisations use these expressions separately to indicate particular nuances.
Botulinum toxin ( BTX ) or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and thus causes flaccid paralysis . Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism . The toxin is also used commercially in medicine, cosmetics and research.
Coenzyme Q , also known as ubiquinone , ubidecarenone , coenzyme Q , and abbreviated at times to CoQ / ˌ k oʊ ˌ k juː ˈ t ɛ n / , CoQ , or Q is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in animals and most bacteria (hence the name ubiquinone). It is a 1,4-benzoquinone , where Q refers to the quinone chemical group and 10 refers to the number of isoprenyl chemical subunits in its tail.
Retinol , also known as Vitamin A , is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement . As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency , especially that which results in xerophthalmia . In areas where deficiency is common a single large dose is recommended to those at high risk a couple of times a year. It is also used to prevent further issues in those who have measles . It is used by mouth or injection into a muscle .
A single-nucleotide polymorphism , often abbreviated to SNP ( / s n ɪ p / ; plural / s n ɪ p s / ), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome , where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).